Eating Data The Rhetorics of Food, Medicine, and Technology in Employee Wellness Programs

Main Article Content

Danielle Stambler

Abstract

This article explores how food-related practices are discursively constructed in an employee wellness program (EWP). Drawing on qualitative grounded theory analyses of internal-and external-facing EWP materials, the author theorizes how food-related practices, technology, institutional power, and wellness intersect. By entwining health, medicine, and food under the umbrella of wellness, the EWP promotes food-as-wellness (eating the right foods will lead to individual holistic well-being by improving the already-healthy person) while incenting and effectuating food-as-medicine (eating the right foods can help cure individual illness/disease or intervene as a treatment for a disease risk factor such as overweight or obesity) because of food-as-economics (collectively eating the right foods can help solve rising health insurance costs). The theory advanced in this article expands our understanding of wellness discourses and points to the need for research examining how such discourse impacts lived experience.

Article Details

Section
Research Articles

References

Benefits Advisory Committee. (1997-2019). Benefits Advisory Committee minutes. University Archives, Archives and Special Collections, University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11299/43231

Biltekoff, Charlotte. (2013). Eating right in America: The cultural politics of food and health. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Board of Regents. (1997, November 6-7). Minutes of the Board of Regents’ Meetings and Regents’ Committee Meetings. Board of Regents Collection, University Archives, Archives and Special Collections, University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11299/49096

Brown, Harriet. (2015). Body of truth: How science, history, and culture drive our obsession with weight–and what we can do about it. Boston, MA: De Capo Press.

Budd, Elaine. (1979, April 1). Physical fitness as a fringe benefit. New York Times, p. 1.

Cederström, Carl, & Spicer, Andre. (2015). The wellness syndrome. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.

Charmaz, Kathy. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.

Chase, Marilyn. (1981, September 15). Rx for health: Ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure, or so say proponents of the ‘wellness’ movement. Wall Street Journal, p. 56.

Clarke, Adele E., Shim, Janet K., Mamo, Laura, Fosket, Jennifer R., & Fishman, Jennifer R. (2003). Biomedicalization: Technoscientific transformations of health, illness, and U.S. biomedicine. American Sociological Review, 68(2), 161–194.

Conrad, Peter. (2007). The medicalization of society: On the transformation of human conditions into treatable disorders. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Corbin, Juliet M., & Strauss, Anselm L. (2008). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.

Cullather, Nick. (2007). The foreign policy of the calorie. The American Historical Review, 112(2), 337–364.

Derkatch, Colleen. (2012). “Wellness” as incipient illness: Dietary supplements in a biomedical culture. Present Tense, 2(2).

Derkatch, Colleen. (2016). Bounding biomedicine: Evidence and rhetoric in the new science of alternative medicine. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.

Derkatch, Colleen. (2018). The self-generating language of wellness and natural health. Rhetoric of Health & Medicine, 1(1–2), 132–160.

Derkatch, Colleen., & Spoel, Philippa. (2017). Public health promotion of “local food”: Constituting the self-governing citizen-consumer. Health, 21(2), 154–170.

Dunn, Halbert L. (1961). High-level wellness: A collection of twenty-nine short talks on different aspects of the theme “High-level wellness for man and society.” Thorofare, N.J.: Charles B. Slack, Inc.

Elliott, Carl. (2003). Better than well: American medicine meets the American dream. New York: W.W. Norton.

Foucault, Michel. (1979). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison. New York, NY: Vintage Books.

Glaser, Barney G., & Strauss, Anselm L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Chicago, IL: Aldine Pub. Co.

Guthman, Julie. (2011). Weighing in: Obesity, food justice, and the limits of capitalism. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Happe, Kelly E. (2018). Health communication methodology and race. In Lisa K. Melonçon & J. Blake Scott (Eds.), Methodologies for the rhetoric of health and medicine (pp. 79–95). New York, NY: Routledge.

Healthy Foods, Healthy Lives Institute. (2016). Cooking for wellness - the basics. Retrieved from Internet Archive at https://web.archive.org/web/20160912014845/https://www.hfhl.umn.edu/promoting-education/cooking-wellness

Hospitals try new emphasis on ‘wellness.’ (1980, December 18). Los Angeles Times, p. E2.

Keränen, Lisa. (2007). “'Cause someday we all die”: Rhetoric, agency, and the case of the “Patient” Preferences Worksheet. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 93(2), 179–210.

Kern, Ben. (1978, November 26). Employee fitness is now corporate concern. Minneapolis Tribune, pp. 17C-18C.

Kirkland, Anna. (2014a). What is wellness now? Journal of Health Politics, Policy & Law, 39(5), 957–970.

Kirkland, Anna. (2014b). Critical perspectives on wellness. Journal of Health Politics, Policy & Law, 39(5), 971–988.

Koerber, Amy. (2013). Breast or bottle? Contemporary controversies in infant feeding policy and practice. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press.

Lupton, Deborah. (2005). Lay discourses and beliefs related to food risks: An Australian perspective. Sociology of Health & Illness, 27(4), 448–467.

Lupton, Deborah. (2016). The quantified self. Malden, MA: Polity Press.

Mol, Annemarie. (2002). The body multiple: Ontology in medical practice. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Mol, Annemarie. (2013). Mind your plate! The ontonorms of Dutch dieting. Social Studies of Science, 43(3), 379-396.

Moore, Paul. (2003, September 24). The university’s new wellness initiative. University of Minnesota Brief. Retrieved from Internet Archive at https://web.archive.org/web/20040320204639/http://www1.umn.edu/urelate/brief/extra/wellness2003-09-24.html

Mudry, Jessica J. (2009). Measured Meals: Nutrition in America. New York, NY: State University of New York Press.

New health plans focus on ‘wellness.’ (August 24, 1981). New York Times, p. D1.

Nyman, John, Barleen, Nathan, & Dowd, Bryan. (2009). A return-on-investment analysis of the health promotion program at the University of Minnesota. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 51(1), 54–65.

Office of Institutional Research. (n.d.). Home page. Retrieved March 6, 2019, from https://oir.umn.edu/

Oo, Pauline, & Marty, Gayla. (2005, July 12). Farmers market debuts on East Bank. UMNnews. Retrieved from Internet Archive at https://web.archive.org/web/20080906222038/http://www.umn.edu/umnnews/Feature_Stories/Farmers_market_on_U27s_Church_Street.html

Pigozzi, Laura M. (2018). Negotiating informed consent. In Lisa K. Melonçon & J. Blake Scott (Eds.), Methodologies for the rhetoric of health and medicine (pp. 195-213). New York, NY: Routledge.

RHM Journal Editors. (2019, July 8). CFP: RHM special issue on food as medicine [web log comment]. Retrieved from http://medicalrhetoric.com/category/blog/

Rose, Nikolas. (2007). Beyond medicalisation. The Lancet, 369(9562), 700-702.

Saldaña, Johnny. (2013). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.

Scott, J. Blake. (2003). Risky rhetoric: AIDS and the cultural practices of HIV testing. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.

Scott, J. Blake, & Melonçon, Lisa K. (2018). Manifesting methodologies for the rhetoric of health and medicine. In Lisa K. Melonçon & J. Blake Scott (Eds.), Methodologies for the rhetoric of health and medicine (pp. 1–23). New York, NY: Routledge.

Segal, Judy Z. (2005). Health and the rhetoric of medicine. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.

Smetanka, Mary J. (2001, June 7). `U’ health plan opts for self-insurance. Star Tribune: Newspaper of the Twin Cities, p. 01B.

Spoel, Philippa, Harris, Roma, & Henwood, Flis. (2012). The moralization of healthy living: Burke’s rhetoric of rebirth and older adults’ accounts of healthy eating. Health, 16(6), 619–635.

Teston, Christa. (2009). A grounded investigation of genred guidelines in cancer care deliberations. Written Communication, 26(3), 320-348.

Teston, Christa. (2012). Moving from artifact to action: A grounded investigation of visual displays of evidence during medical deliberations. Technical Communication Quarterly, 21(3), 187-209.

Teston, Christa, Graham, Scott, Baldwinson, Raquel, Li, Andria, & Swift, Jessamyn. (2014). Public voices in pharmaceutical deliberations: Negotiating “clinical benefit” in the FDA’s Avastin hearing. Journal of Medical Humanities, 35(2), 149-170.

University of Minnesota. (2003). Seven dimensions of wellness. Retrieved from Internet Archive at https://web.archive.org/web/20040701133914/http://www1.umn.edu/ohr/eb/wellness/dimension.htm

University of Minnesota. (2010). Weight management programs for UPlan members. Retrieved from Internet Archive at https://web.archive.org/web/20110305082330/https://www1.umn.edu/ohr/wellness/weight/index.html

University of Minnesota. (2017). Wellbeing program guide 2017-2018. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Printing Services.

University of Minnesota. (2018a). Wellbeing program guide 2018-2019. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Printing Services.

University of Minnesota. (2018b). Farmers market. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20180925145617/https://humanresources.umn.edu/wellbeing-program/farmers-market

University of Minnesota. (n.d.). Wellbeing program. Retrieved October 28, 2019 from https://humanresources.umn.edu/wellbeingprogram

Whitney, Kelly. (2020). Making bodies matter. In Jamie White-Farnham, Bryna S. Finer, & Cathryn Molloy (Eds.), Women’s Health Advocacy: Rhetorical Ingenuity for the 21st Century (pp. 77–89). New York, NY; Routledge.

Zimmer, Ben. (2010, April 16). Wellness. The New York Times Magazine. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/18/magazine/18FOB-onlanguage-t.html