https://journals.upress.ufl.edu/bioarchaeology/issue/feed Bioarchaeology International 2024-03-14T09:56:38-04:00 Bioarchaeology International journals@upress.ufl.edu Open Journal Systems <p><em>Bioarchaeology International</em> provides rigorous peer-reviewed publication of substantive articles in the growing field of bioarchaeology. This vibrant, interdisciplinary field of study cross-cuts biological anthropology, archaeology, and social theory to situate past peoples within their biological, cultural, and environmental circumstances. Bioarchaeology emphasizes not only the study of human remains but the integrative analysis and interpretation of their context, including the archaeological, socio-cultural and political milieu, and environmental setting. Bioarchaeologists use both state-of-the-art methodological innovation and theory to investigate a diversity of questions.</p> <p>The goal of this journal is to publish research articles, brief reports, and invited commentary essays that are contextually and theoretically informed and explore the human condition and ways in which human remains and their funerary contexts can provide unique insight on variation, behavior and lifestyle of past people and communities. Submissions from around the globe using varying scales of analysis that focus on theoretical and methodological issues in the field are encouraged.</p> <p><em>Bioarchaeology International </em>is included in multiple indexes and databases, including Ebsco Academic Search Ultimate, Gale Academic OneFile, ProQuest Central, and ProQuest Social Science Database.</p> https://journals.upress.ufl.edu/bioarchaeology/article/view/2403 Race, Population Affinity, and Mortality Risk during the Second Plague Pandemic in Fourteenth-Century London, England 2023-12-12T11:02:06-05:00 Rebecca Redfern rredfern@museumoflondon.org.uk Sharon N. DeWitte journals@upress.ufl.edu Joseph T. Hefner journals@upress.ufl.edu Dorothy Kim journals@upress.ufl.edu <p>We investigate whether hazards of death from plague and physiological stress at a fourteenth-century plague cemetery (Royal Mint, London) differed between populations using <em>N</em> = 49 adults whose affiliation was established using macromorphoscopic traits. Compared to a nonplague cemetery (<em>N</em> = 96), there was a greater proportion of people of estimated African affiliation in the plague burials. Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed higher hazards of death from plague for those with estimated African affiliation. There were higher rates of linear enamel hypoplasia in those with estimated African affiliation, but this finding is not statistically significant. These results provide the first evidence that hazards of plague death were higher for people of estimated African affiliation compared to other affiliations, possibly because of existing inequalities, in addition to migration (free or forced) outcomes. These findings may reflect premodern structural racism’s devastating effects.</p> <p>Investigamos si los riesgos de la muerte resultando de la peste y estrés fisiológico en un cementerio de la peste del siglo XIV (Royal Mint, Londres) son diferente entre poblaciones de adultos (<em>N</em> = 49) quienes afiliación estuvieron establecido utilizando rasgos macromorfoscópicos. En comparación con un cementerio no asociado con la peste (<em>N</em> = 96), había una proporción más grande de gente estimado tener afiliación africana en los entierros asociados con la peste. Análisis de riesgos proporcional de Cox indicaron que había un riesgo de muerte de la plaga más alto por individuos estimados tener afiliación africana. Había índices más grandes de hipoplasia de esmalte dental en individuos de afiliación africana, pero el nivel estadístico no fue significativo. Los resultados demuestran la primera evidencia que los riesgos de la muerte de la peste fueron más altos por gente de afiliación africana en comparación a otras afinidades, posiblemente como resultado de disparidades sociales en combinación con los efectos de migración (libre o forzada). Los resultados se pueden reflejar las consecuencias devastadoras del racismo estructural premoderno.</p> 2023-12-12T00:00:00-05:00 Copyright (c) 2023 Bioarchaeology International https://journals.upress.ufl.edu/bioarchaeology/article/view/2479 Headless Burials from Pachacamac, Peru 2024-03-14T09:56:38-04:00 Andrew J. Nelson anelson@uwo.ca Jo Motley journals@upress.ufl.edu Lucía Watson journals@upress.ufl.edu Jocelyn Williams journals@upress.ufl.edu Pauline Kirgis journals@upress.ufl.edu Jean-Bernard Huchet journals@upress.ufl.edu Suellen Gauld journals@upress.ufl.edu Lauren Poeta journals@upress.ufl.edu Ashley Ward journals@upress.ufl.edu T. Naomi Nakahodo journals@upress.ufl.edu Katherine Woodley journals@upress.ufl.edu Hanne Andersen journals@upress.ufl.edu Sorcha Rountree journals@upress.ufl.edu Rory Succee journals@upress.ufl.edu Jhon Baldeos journals@upress.ufl.edu Sarita Fuentes journals@upress.ufl.edu Denise Pozzi-Escot journals@upress.ufl.edu <p>A paleoradiographic survey of funerary bundles (fardos) from a Late Intermediate Period (1000 A.D.–1472 A.D.) cemetery in Sector 3 of the site of Pachacamac, Peru, demonstrated that 15 out of 61 individuals had had their head removed when the body was in an advanced state of skeletonization/mummification. Detailed analysis of the field report, the fardos themselves, and X-rays and computed tomography scans of the fardos suggested that nine of these individuals were potential candidates for head removal in antiquity. Of those nine, six appeared to be clear examples of this practice. The analysis of multiple lines of evidence suggests that the use of this cemetery was complex, as part of a dynamic mortuary program that involved exposing the body for varying lengths of time and repeated excavations for new interments when earlier burials were encountered. We conclude that these heads were removed from funerary bundles when graves were being dug for subsequent burials and the specific identity of the bundled individual had been lost. When considered within the abundant archaeological record of decapitation in the Pre-Hispanic Andes, as well as ethnohistoric accounts, this pattern is consistent with reported retrieval of heads as material manifestations of ancestors. However, when placed within the broader context of contemporary sites from the Central and Southern Coast, it is clear that specific cultural motivations may have varied through space and time.</p> <p>L’étude paléoradiographique de paquets funéraires (fardos) provenant d’un cimetière de la période intermédi-aire tardive (1000 A.D.– 1472 A.D.) dans le secteur 3 du site de Pachacamac, Pérou, a démontré que 15 des 61 in-dividus avaient subi une ablation de la tête lorsque que le corps était dans un état avancé de squelettisation/momification. L’analyse détaillée du rapport de fouille, des fardos eux- mêmes, ainsi que les résultats des radiographies et des tomodensitogrammes des fardos suggèrent que neuf de ces individus figuraient comme des candidats potentiels à la décollation sur la période considérée. Sur ces neuf individus, six d’entre eux semblent être des exemples clairs de cette pratique. L’analyse de plusieurs sources de données suggère que l’utilisation de ce cimetière était complexe et s’inscrivait dans le cadre d’un système mortuaire dynamique qui impliquait l’expo-sition du corps pour des durées variées ainsi que l’exhumation d’anciennes tombes pour procéder à de nouveaux ensevelissements. Nous concluons que ces têtes ont été soustraites des paquets funéraires lors du creusement de nouvelles tombes lorsque l’identité spécifique de l’individu anciennement inhumé avait été perdue. Si l’on tient compte de l’abondante documentation archéologique sur la décapitation dans les Andes pré- Hispaniques, ainsi que les récits ethnohistoriques, ce schéma est cohérent avec la récupération des têtes en tant que manifestations matérielles des ancêtres. Cependant, en se plaçant dans le contexte plus large des sites contemporains de la côte centrale et méridionale, il n’est pas à écarter que les motivations culturelles spécifiques aient pu varier dans l’espace et dans le temps.</p> <p><strong>Mots clés:</strong> Pérou; sépulture sans tête; archéologie mortuaire; préhispanique</p> <p>Un estudio paleoradiográfico de fardos funerarios del Período Intermedio Tardío (1000 d.C.–1472 d.C.) del cementerio en el Sector 3 del sitio de Pachacamac, Perú, demostró que 15 individuos de un total de 61 personas les habían extraído la cabeza cuando el cuerpo se encontraba en un estado avanzado de esqueletización/momificación. Análisis detallado del informe de campo, los fardos mismos, como también las radiografías y las tomografías computarizadas de los fardos sugirieron que nueve de estos individuos eran potenciales candidatos para la remoción de cabezas en la antigüedad. De esos nueve, seis parecen ser claros ejemplos de esta práctica. El análisis de múltiples líneas de evidencia sugiere que el uso de este cementerio fue complejo, como parte de un programa mortuorio dinámico que implicó la exposición del cuerpo durante períodos de tiempo variables y excavaciones repetidas para nuevas inhumaciones cuando se encontraron entierros anteriores. Concluimos que estas cabezas fueron retiradas de los fardos funerarios cuando se cavaban las tumbas para entierros posteriores y se había perdido la identidad específica del individuo envuelto. Cuando se considera dentro del abundante registro arqueológico de decapitaciones en los Andes Pre-hispanos, así como los relatos etnohistóricos, este patrón es consistente con la recuperación de cabezas reportada como manifestación material de los antepasados. Sin embargo, cuando se les sitúa dentro del contexto más amplio de los sitios contemporáneos de la costa central y sur, queda claro que las motivaciones culturales específicas pueden haber variado a través del espacio y el tiempo.</p> <p><strong>Palabras claves:</strong> Perú; Pachacamac; entierro sin cabeza; arqueología mortuoria; Prehispánico</p> 2024-03-14T00:00:00-04:00 Copyright (c) 2024 Bioarchaeology International https://journals.upress.ufl.edu/bioarchaeology/article/view/2313 Health-Related Caretaking in an Institutionalized Setting 2023-10-23T16:35:45-04:00 Darcie Badon darcie.badon@vdh.virginia.gov Molly K. Zuckerman journals@upress.ufl.edu Anna J. Osterholtz journals@upress.ufl.edu <p>Health-related caretaking was provided to individuals institutionalized in the Mississippi State Asylum (MSA), Jackson, MS (AD 1855–1935). However, because of limited associated documentary evidence on caretaking in the MSA and a general dearth of academic knowledge about caretaking in asylums in the Southern United States, information on caretaking and its efficacy in the MSA is limited. Accordingly, we apply a modified Bioarchaeology of Care (BoC) approach and associated web-based Index of Care to a single deceased individual from the MSA, referred to here as their burial designation—Burial 1—integrated with available documentary information, to generate direct insights into caretaking in the MSA. Burial 1’s skeleton exhibits recidivistic cranial trauma (i.e., cranial depression fractures) and substantial entheseal changes in the upper extremities. This trauma, paired with subsequent traumatic brain injury, suggests that Burial 1 may have experienced physical impairment and disability. Further, the disability Burial 1 experienced likely increased their risk of being institutionalized and created complications for them in the MSA. However, the lack of identifying information for individuals buried at the MSA complicates interpretations of the caretaking they may have received, both before and after institutionalization, as well as the efficaciousness of the caretaking and insights from the caretaking into patient and staff communities in the MSA and Burial 1’s social identity and agency. Despite this, findings affirm that future research applying the modified BoC approach could generate otherwise inscrutable information about the lived experiences of institutionalized patients with impairments and disability within historic institutions of care.</p> 2023-10-23T00:00:00-04:00 Copyright (c) 2023 Bioarchaeology International